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1.
Aten Primaria ; 54 Suppl 1: 102438, 2022 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36435582

RESUMO

This article examines the latest available evidence on preventive activities in the elderly, including sleep disorders, physical exercise, deprescription, cognitive disorders and dementias, nutrition, social isolation and frailty.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos , Fragilidade , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Humanos , Idoso , Idoso Fragilizado , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/prevenção & controle , Isolamento Social
2.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 54(8): 102367, Ago 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-205898

RESUMO

El uso de fármacos conlleva innegables beneficios en las personas mayores, pero no está exento de efectos indeseables. La deprescripción es el proceso de revisión sistemática de la medicación con el objetivo de lograr la mejor relación riesgo-beneficio en base a la mejor evidencia disponible. Este proceso es especialmente importante en mayores polimedicados, sobretratados, frágiles, con enfermedades terminales y en el final de la vida.La deprescripción debe hacerse de forma escalonada, estableciendo un seguimiento estrecho por si aparecen problemas tras la retirada. En la toma de decisiones es muy importante contar con la opinión del paciente y de los cuidadores, valorando los objetivos del tratamiento según la situación clínica, funcional y social del enfermo.Existen múltiples herramientas para facilitar a los clínicos la tarea de seleccionar qué fármacos deprescribir (criterios Beers, STOPP-START…). Los grupos farmacológicos más susceptibles de intervención son: antihipertensivos, antidiabéticos, estatinas, benzodiacepinas, antidepresivos, anticolinérgicos, anticolinesterásicos y neurolépticos.(AU)


The use of drugs has undeniable benefits to the elderly, but it is not exempt from undesirable effects. Deprescription is the process of systematic medication review with the target of achieving the best risk-benefit ratio based on the best available evidence. This process is especially important for polymedicated elderly patients as well as those overtreated, frail, terminally ill and at the end of life.The deprescription must be done in stages, establishing a close follow-up in case problems appear after withdrawal. In the decision-making process, it is very important to consider the patient and caregivers opinion, assessing the objectives of the treatment according to the clinical, functional and social situation of the patient.There are multiple tools to make it easier for clinicians to select which drugs to deprescribe (Beers criteria, STOPP-START…). The most susceptible to intervention pharmacological groups are: antihypertensives, antidiabetics, statins, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, anticholinergics, anticholinesterase agents, and neuroleptics.(AU)


Assuntos
Desprescrições , Idoso , Farmacologia , Tratamento Farmacológico , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Polimedicação , Comorbidade , Prescrição Inadequada/efeitos adversos , Envelhecimento , Atenção Primária à Saúde
3.
Aten Primaria ; 54(8): 102367, 2022 08.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35653980

RESUMO

The use of drugs has undeniable benefits to the elderly, but it is not exempt from undesirable effects. Deprescription is the process of systematic medication review with the target of achieving the best risk-benefit ratio based on the best available evidence. This process is especially important for polymedicated elderly patients as well as those overtreated, frail, terminally ill and at the end of life. The deprescription must be done in stages, establishing a close follow-up in case problems appear after withdrawal. In the decision-making process, it is very important to consider the patient and caregivers opinion, assessing the objectives of the treatment according to the clinical, functional and social situation of the patient. There are multiple tools to make it easier for clinicians to select which drugs to deprescribe (Beers criteria, STOPP-START…). The most susceptible to intervention pharmacological groups are: antihypertensives, antidiabetics, statins, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, anticholinergics, anticholinesterase agents, and neuroleptics.


Assuntos
Desprescrições , Prescrição Inadequada , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Polimedicação , Lista de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados
4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 952021 Oct 08.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34620817

RESUMO

Primary Care (PC) and community are the priority health sites for the detection and management of frailty. There are good guidelines (Strategy and consensus of the National Health Service, ADVANTAGE European Joint Action, recommendations of the Program of Prevention and Health Promotion Activities of the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine PAPPS-semFYC, Fisterra guideline); however, its implementation is not taking place with the expected magnitude or speed, also considering the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The detection and management of frailty requires multidisciplinary work by professionals who usually carry out their activity at the first level of care (physicians, nurses, social workers), with others whose integration is advisable (nutritionists, physiotherapists, etc.); and counting on others of reference (geriatricians). On the other hand, it is necessary to work with comprehensive approaches based on good coordination between PC and the Community, with various experiences in this regard. The support by the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can be very interesting, with tools for both users and careers (e.g., VIVIFRAIL), as well as for social and health professionals (e.g., VALINTAN or WHO ICOPE-Handbook App). Strategies to intervene in fragility in a more effective and systematic way must be consolidated: with an adequate professional training, establishment of campaigns and dissemination ways for visualizing its relevance and extend their intervention, prioritization of the most effective programmed assistance activities (highlighting fragility), multidisciplinary work with coordination and participation of the different healthcare and community levels and of the patients themselves, and providing the PC with adequate resources.


La Atención Primaria (AP) y la comunidad constituyen el medio asistencial primordial para el manejo de la fragilidad. Se cuenta con buenas directrices (Estrategia y Consenso del Sistema Nacional de Salud, Acción Conjunta Europea ADVANTAGE, recomendaciones del Programa de Actividades de Prevención y de Promoción de la Salud de la Sociedad Española de Medicina familiar y Comunitaria: PAPPS-semFYC, guía Fisterra...); no obstante, su implantación no se está dando con la magnitud ni rapidez esperada, considerando también la influencia de la pandemia por la COVID-19. La detección y manejo de la fragilidad exige un trabajo multidisciplinar de profesionales que habitualmente desarrollan su actividad en el primer nivel asistencial (profesionales de medicina, enfermería y trabajo social), junto con otros cuya integración es aconsejable (nutricionistas, fisioterapeutas, etc...) y contando con otros profesionales de referencia (geriatras). Por otro lado, es necesario trabajar con enfoques integrales basados en una buena coordinación entre AP y la Comunidad, existiendo diversas experiencias en este sentido. El apoyo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) puede ser muy interesante, existiendo herramientas tanto para usuarios y personas cuidadoras (por ej. VIVIFRAIL), como para profesionales sociosanitarios (por ej. VALINTAN o WHO ICOPE-Handbook App). Deben consolidarse las estrategias para intervenir en fragilidad de una manera más efectiva y sistemática: con la formación adecuada de los profesionales, establecimiento de campañas y difusión que hagan visualizar la relevancia y extender su intervención, priorizando las actividades asistenciales programadas más efectivas (destacando la fragilidad), a través del trabajo multidisciplinar con coordinación y participación de los diferentes niveles asistenciales y comunitarios y de los propios pacientes, y dotando de medios y recursos a la AP.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Fragilidade , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/terapia , Humanos , Pandemias , Atenção Primária à Saúde , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha , Medicina Estatal
5.
Aten Primaria ; 52 Suppl 2: 114-124, 2020 11.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33388111

RESUMO

In this update, we have introduced new topics that we believe are of vital importance in the major areas, such as the revision of walking aids, as well as recommendations on nutrition and social isolation. Recommendations on deprescribing, fragility, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia have already been presented in previous updates.

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